Professor Paul Robinson's major focus for many years has been punishment theory. He (among others - principally John Darley, a social psychologist), has gradually developed a theory of punishment called empirical desert. Empirical desert is the idea that distributive theories of criminal...

Prof. Adam Kolber's theory on punishment calibration is a novel and interesting way to approach the problem of personality differences among prisoners and the questions those differences raise for classical retributivist and consequentialist punishment theories. However, there are problems of...