Considering user heterogeneity in terms of a continuously distributed value of time, we investigate, on the base of so-called Wardrop’s third principle, the time-versus-cost network equilibrium and system optimum problem with fixed demand. To realize a target flow pattern through imposing...

Considering body congestion in carriage and vehicle congestion in bottleneck queues in a competitive highway/transit system, we investigate the departure patterns of commuters through analysing the equilibria under three road-use pricing strategies. Each strategy is the combination of a...