We construct a sovereign default network by employing high-dimensional vector autoregressions obtained by analyzing connectedness in sovereign credit default swap markets. We develop four measures of centrality, namely, degree, betweenness, closeness, and eigenvector centralities, to detect...

This paper provides a simple demonstration of an empirical observation pointed out by the existing literature that the presence of informality in the production sector of an economy moderates the impact of economic shocks affecting it. We show that in the presence of informality, adverse demand...

This study presents an environmental, social, and governance (ESG) strategic model to manage pharmaceutical supply chains with financial obstacles. ESG environmental, social, and governance research can help managers make informed decisions so that managers can better choose the corresponding...

The implementation of Dual-Credit Policy on April 1, 2018 is a new attempt to promote the development of the new energy vehicle market in China. Since the implementation of the policy, on the one hand, the new energy automobile industry has developed rapidly, on the other hand, many automobile...

The empirical literature examines the effect of exchange rate on energy demand. However, the existing literature fails to investigate the effect during different states of energy demand, that is, when energy demand is relatively high and when it is quite low. We extend the prior literature by...