Supply chain networks worldwide were disrupted substantially during covid-19 pandemic. More specifically, the supply chain networks for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) were exposed to various risks and disrupted more significantly than large organisations during and after the covid-19 era...

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has recently piqued the interest of researchers seeking to improve the efficiency and efficacy of the transportation system in distributing commodities. Many scholars have proposed using a heterogeneous fleet in vehicle routing to minimize distribution costs...