Metal-based fuel-borne catalysts (FBCs) have been used with diesel fuels to effectively reduce soot and diesel particulate matter (DPM) emissions from both on-road and off-road applications. However, there is a lack of detailed investigations on the potential changes in the properties of...

There is a lack of detailed investigations on the effects of butanol addition to diesel/biodiesel blends on particulate emissions. This study represents the first attempt of its kind to fully evaluate the potential impact of diesel–biodiesel–butanol blends on engine performance, physical,...