The control of the interface states between the electric contacts and semiconductor is a key issue to develop high-performance functional devices. In this work, a serial of surface treatments including mechanical polishing (MP) + chemical polishing (CP) + surface passivation (SP) were conducted...

Workplace equality is an important and integral component of firms’ corporate social responsibility. We argue that firms need to expend substantial resources to mitigate potential LGBT litigation risk or accommodate actual litigation costs, and absorb labor adjustment costs associated with...

We examine whether firms’ co-opetition (i.e., simultaneously competitive and cooperative) behaviors in standard-setting organizations (SSOs) affect their public R&D disclosure. We find that relative to matched control firms, firms that participate in SSOs increase their narrative R&D...

This paper examines whether and how banks adapt to long-run climate change. We show that banks increase their loan loss provisions by 7% in response to a 1°F increase in three-year weighted average abnormal temperature. Such an effect is more pronounced when banks have greater pre-existing...

This paper examines firms' adaptation to long-term changes in climatic conditions. Using detailed information on establishments owned by U.S. public firms, we show that higher abnormal temperatures over the previous five years in a county lead to a significant reduction in local employment and...