This paper models the problem of supplier selection as a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) where minimization of price, rejects and lead-time are considered as three objectives. The paper considers two different cases: (1) the crisp MOOP in which the goals of objectives are...

Loyalty programs, as a prevalent CRM strategy, aim to enhance customers’ loyalty and thereby increase a firm’s long-term profitability. Recent analytical and empirical studies demonstrate inconsistent findings on the efficacy of loyalty programs in fulfilling these goals. In this study, an...

Imperfect items in the raw material and production stages of a supply chain directly impact the coordination of the product flow within a supply chain. In response to this concern, production and inventory lot sizing models, which incorporate imperfect items into their formulation have become an...