The control of the interface states between the electric contacts and semiconductor is a key issue to develop high-performance functional devices. In this work, a serial of surface treatments including mechanical polishing (MP) + chemical polishing (CP) + surface passivation (SP) were conducted...

This paper uses real option analysis to evaluate investment decisions in ethanol facilities. First, we consider the option to expand the scale of a conventional ethanol plant. Second, we evaluate the option to choose a production technology given three drymilling choices – a conventional...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to incorporate market price risk into investment decisions. The investigation focuses on investments to expand ethanol production facilities. The model is used to determine if such a real option approach can explain recent changes in...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to incorporate market price risk into investment decisions. The investigation focuses on investments to expand ethanol production facilities. The model is used to determine if such a real option approach can explain recent changes in...