Utilization of agro-residues from maize production as biorenewable energy source is considered to be a very good and sustainable waste management method. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical conversion process for solid organic materials at elevated temperature and pressure in...

Utilization of agro-residues from maize production as biorenewable energy source is considered to be a very good and sustainable waste management method. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical conversion process for solid organic materials at elevated temperature and pressure in...

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of mixed waste paper for the production of ethanol fuels and to review the available conversion technologies, and assess developmental status, current and future cost of production and economics, and the market potential. This report is based...

A study has been made of the economic feasibility of producing fuel grade methanol from wood via catalytic gasification with steam. The plant design in this study was developed from information on gasifier operation supplied by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), operated by Battelle. PNL...

This work proposes a two-stage stochastic optimization model to maximize the expected profit and simultaneously minimize carbon emissions of a dual-feedstock lignocellulosic-based bioethanol supply chain (LBSC) under uncertainties in supply, demand and prices. The model decides the optimal...

A comparison between two numerical models describing the thermo-chemical conversion process of a solid fuel bed in a grate-fired boiler is presented. Both models consider the incoming biomass as subjected to drying, pyrolysis, gasification and combustion. In the first approach the biomass bed is...

This study describes an efficient one-step method for the comprehensive analysis of the composition of renewable diesel produced directly from a natural triglyceride, including evaluation of its content of partially deoxygenated species. Previous approaches have been capable of only limited,...

The realization that the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere is increasing and fossil fuel resources are becoming scarce have increased interest in renewable and sustainable energy systems which use renewable energy sources that are naturally replenished. Production of...

This article reviews the hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass with the aim of describing the current status of the technology. Hydrothermal liquefaction is a medium-temperature, high-pressure thermochemical process, which produces a liquid product, often called bio-oil or bi-crude. During the...