through the Caspian Sea and its surrounding countries, has gained even more attention after the intensification of the … infrastructural state of the Trans-Caspian trade route is given. The practical value of the article lies in creating a framework for …

, south of, and across the Caspian Sea. Since 1500, maritime transport has dominated trade between Europe and East Asia … lines, focusing on trans-Caspian links. It also discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international trade. The … on the Caspian governments, which are struggling with the major medical challenges that the pandemic has created. …

unmistakable competition over integration between the EU and Russia. The eastern Mediterranean region, the Black Sea and Caspian …

, south of, and across the Caspian Sea. Since 1500, maritime transport has dominated trade between Europe and East Asia … lines, focusing on trans-Caspian links. It also discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international trade. The … on the Caspian governments, which are struggling with the major medical challenges that the pandemic has created. …

Kazakhstan, the post-Soviet countries considered as some of the most oil-dependent countries in the Caspian Sea region. The …

For its abundant fossil resources, the Central Asia and Caspian region plays a strategic role in the energy security of …