In many capital-intensive markets, sellers sign long-term contracts with buyers before committing to sunk cost … investments. Ex-ante contracts mitigate the risk of under-investment arising from ex-post bargaining. However, contractual … trade-off, focusing on the liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry, where long-term contracts account for over 70% of trade. I …

Results-based, collective action, value chain, and land tenure contracts are means to improve the management of agri … on Ireland. Using survey data, we find that most land managers agree that results-based contracts are understandable … agree that value chain and land tenure contracts are understandable or applicable to their farms. The results suggest that …