The paper studies the productivity change of the commercial banks in the CEE countries over the post-crisis period 2013-2018. The productivity change is measured by the Malmquist Productivity Index and its sub-components, applying two approaches-the asset-oriented and profit-oriented...

The COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing economic and technological adjustment increased the risk of unemployment, underemployment and skills mismatch across Europe. These increased risks highlighted the importance of national unemployment benefit schemes for income security. This article examines...