This study empirically evaluates the effect of consumer confidence on consumer spending in Nigeria. Relatively little … attention has been paid to the existence of a long-run relationship between consumer confidence and consumer spending in Nigeria … confidence, money supply, and inflation have a significantly positive impact on consumer spending, while interest rates possess …

This study examines the relationship between firms' political connections and their confidence in achieving enhanced … increased confidence in anticipating improved sales. This positive association remains robust even after controlling for various … mediating the relationship between firms' political connections and their confidence in future sales. …