greater openness to the outside world can alleviate the crowding-out effect. Further, we investigate the moderating effect of … the institutional environment on the crowding-out effect. We find that market segmentation and government corruption will … aggravate the crowding-out effect while strengthening intellectual property protection, improving the trust environment, and …

, we argue, on the contrary, that markets lead to a double crowding out of moral values: first, imperfect transmission of …

crowding out of voluntary cooperation even after incentives have been abolished. This crowding out occurs also in repeated … incentive-compatibility of the contract. Crowding out is mostly due to reduced wages and not a change in reciprocal wage …-effort relationships. Our systematic analysis also replicates established results on gift exchange, incentives, and crowding out of …

crowding out of voluntary cooperation even after incentives have been abolished. This crowding out occurs also in repeated … incentive-compatibility of the contract. Crowding out is mostly due to reduced wages and not a change in reciprocal wage …-effort relationships. Our systematic analysis also replicates established results on gift exchange, incentives, and crowding out of …