A real-time method is presented to adoptively estimate three-dimensional unmodeled external torques acting on a spacecraft. This is accomplished by forcing the tracking error dynamics to follow the Lyapunov function underlying the feedback control law. For the case where the external torque is...

In this paper an alternative mechanism to the stock market is proposed. Two elements are taken away: (1) middlemen, and (2) shareholder lack of involvement. Structural elements are identified. Equilibrium-stability conditions are defined. A measures of effectiveness is suggested.

A new method for nonlinear system identification, based on the technique of Interpolated Mapping, is formulated. The input to the procedure is a map, taking initial conditions on a regular grid to their images after a fixed time step. It is assumed that the underlying dynamics evolves in...