The major bone of contention between the developed and developing countries in the TRIPS negotiations was patents for pharmaceuticals. The US-led developed countries bloc argued in favour of patents for pharmaceuticals amidst opposition from Brazil, India and other countries. Ample evidence,...

The value of intangible properties for companies continues to increase. Intangible assets comprise, inter alia, patents, brand value, data, and software. Often, innova-tion activities resulted in in-house developed software-based internet platforms aimed at disrupting existing business models. A...

We study the effect of stronger patent protection on innovation activities of firms and firm-product level markups. Relying on cross-industry differences in the use of patents, we exploit firm-level variation in exposure to India's patent reform. For firms more exposed to stronger patent...