Recent studies report that the overall burden of tariffs has entirely passed to U.S. firms and consumers in terms of higher import prices. However, using 10-digits import data from U.S. Customs for 2018-2019, we find that import prices of steel products behaved differently: First, foreign...

This study proposes a swarm optimizer with a modified feasible-based mechanism approach for finding an optimum design for steel frames. The proposed optimization approach addresses the problem of stagnation possibility in the traditional particle swarm optimization in which none of the particles...

(1) Research NecessitySince first industrializing, Korea has maintained a growth strategy centered on export-oriented major industries, selecting and supporting manufacturing industries suited to each region and creating a basis for growth. Therefore, the structure of the main manufacturing...

This paper quantitatively analysed the greenhouse gas reduction in steel mills by the use of hydrogen produced from electrolysis with renewable electricity. The four following methods of using green hydrogen were proposed and analysed: 1) use of hydrogen directly in the hydrogen steelmaking...

Large firms have used various inbound and outbound flows of knowledge to meet their needs in R&D and product development. However, the processes used by them in open innovation, have not been fully identified and formulated. In this study, using the case study method, it was tried to identify...

Improving energy efficiency of the iron and steel manufacturing process (ISMP) plays a vital role in saving energy and reducing CO2 emissions. However, there is currently a lack of research on assessment method and improvement rules of energy efficiency of the ISMP. In addition, the impact of...