The Japanese Consumer Price Index (CPI) is considered to be upwardly biased. This paper estimated the Engel curve based on National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure data to measure the bias. The estimated bias for the period 1989 to 2004 was 0.53 percentage points per annum. Correcting...

This paper seeks to establish that a Structural Economic Dynamic (SED) approach toward understanding the Import Substitution Strategy (ISS) offers a superior method relative to the Neoclassical approach. It is argued that the latter fails to fully account for the role of demand and hence, the...