Using agent-based modeling, this study creates a global carbon trading simulation system, and simulates the global carbon trading market under different scenarioes. To evaluate the effect of quota-based carbon emission permits trading mechanism globally, this article constructs a carbon trading...

Global warming is in essence an economic and political problem. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contributing to global warming have the same damaging effect regardless of the country in which they originate. All regions of the world are affected regardless of whether and to what extent they...

Previous studies characterize some of the Former Soviet Central Asian countries (CACs) as “more open” (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan) and others as “more isolated” (Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) depending on their trade-over-GDP level. Being an open or isolationist economy has...