The extent of social protection provided to families with children varies according to each country's unique economic, social, and demographic conditions. The most important factors for assessing social protection were studied and identified by means of the multivariate statistical analysis...

The Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC), a tax credit based on income and child care expenses, reduces child care costs for working families. The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act expanded the CDCC in 2003, generating differential increases in generosity across states and...

The 2021 Child Tax Credit (CTC) expansion increased government benefits to families, and especially to families with the lowest incomes. Economic theory predicts that this policy intervention would have led to a reduction in labor supply among adults in those families. Our review of available...

Social Protection strategies aim to build resilience against various shocks and risks. Adaptive social protection incorporates shock responsiveness to foster adaptive capacity through preparedness, coping mechanisms, and adaptation strategies. Safety nets and universal child benefits are...

Take-up of social benefits is a central issue in poverty alleviation and fiscal evaluations of policy reforms. However, it is difficult to find exogenous variation in the benefit level, and little is therefore known about take-up responses to basic financial incentives. We exploit large and...