Russia's fullscale invasion of Ukraine since 24 February 2022 has not shaken France's security policy as fundamentally … as it has Germany's. France sees its previous goals confirmed, particularly in terms of strengthening Europe's strategic … include France's now active support for the enlargement of the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization …

How much did France pay for its colonial empire? Did colonies benefit from large transfers from French taxpayers and … heavy financial burden for France. We collect novel budgetary and loan data from archives and compute public monetary flows … between France and the colonies between 1833 and 1962. We also provide figures of colonial private investment through the …