jurisdictions (French, Flemish), and two participating Canadian provinces, Ontario and Québec, were retained. The approach exploits …

that the French combatants' exposure to the United States of America increased support for the French Revolution a decade … later. French regions (départements) from which more American combatants originated had more revolutionary societies … causality, we exploit two historical coincidences: i) originally, a French army of seven and a half thousand was ready to board …

demographic factors on employment elasticities over the period 2000-2017 can distinguish the former French colonies from the …. Findings - Results suggest big difference between the former French colonies and Anglophone ones. For the French colonies …

immigration. We document the importance of this selection bias in the French labor market, where women accounted for a rapidly … change the wage of French women, but led to a sizable decline in their employment rate. In contrast, immigration had little …. Adjusting for the selection bias results in a similar wage elasticity for both French men and women (between -0.8 and -1.0) …

This paper measures and compares the relative earnings of French and English speakers in Canada, and of Spanish and … English speakers in the U.S., in the 1970s and 1980s. In Canada, the earnings gap between French and English speakers narrowed … demand for French-speaking workers within Quebec during the 1970s and 1980s. By 1986, nearly all of the remaining earnings …

with the French Franc since independence. Thanks to the predominance of a few agricultural products and natural resources …