Human Rights (ECHR); on the other hand, the European Court of Justice (ECJ), whose case-law also protects fundamental rights …, and which in a near future will bind itself to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter). The …

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the type of allegiance that the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the … European Union is based on. Charters as Bills of Rights establish or entrench fundamental rights, democracy and the rule of law …, and the relevant sense of allegiance and attachment is constitutional patriotism . Does the Charter of Fundamental Rights …

Fundamental Rights. Is the Charter a means to reduce the democratic deficit even if it does not fully comply with the notion of … people-made law? The EU establishes post-national rights, including fundamental rights of a constitutional type. The focus is … on the contribution of fundamental rights to constitutionalism and to cosmopolitan democracy. Rights are necessary for …

fundamental rights on one hand and the definition of legislation on the other, which will reform the relation between legislative …

Particular problems in EU human rights protection stem from the final clauses of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights … to be bound by EU fundamental rights when they derogate from Community law, or "Union law" in future. The same is true … Praesidium's draft Article 9, "the law of the Union") cannot supersede national fundamental rights. A third fundamental problem …