Individualism is associated with an emphasis on personal liberty and self-determination, values that reduce support for patriarchal values and increase gender equality. Here, we investigate whether individualism affects women’s economics rights, a key institutional determinant of the economic...

Title V of the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union (‘TFEU’) opens with the following statement: “the Union shall constitute an area of freedom security and justice with respect for fundamental rights and the different legal systems and traditions of the Member States.” This...

The architecture of the EU system of protection of fundamental rights is uniquely complex. The web of Charter and Convention articles is closely interwoven with general principles of EU law,Treaty provisions as well as with rights enshrined in EU legislation. The latter have received limited...

Federal disclosure requirements in the campaign finance context contain loopholes that enable nonprofit organizations to conceal major donors influencing American elections. This funding from unnamed sources has been termed “dark money.” Though a number of states have adopted disclosure laws...

Although the United States has launched repeated attacks on China’s human rights policies for the past three decades, China’s Communist Party has been able to mount an effective defense and counterattack that has resonated with China’s citizens, the most important constituency for the...

Employees are often left unprotected from discrimination because they are unable to satisfy the requirement of causation. Courts have made clear that to obtain legal redress for discrimination, it is generally insufficient to show that a protected characteristic such as race or sex was a...

In recent years, the EU competition framework has been under strain because of the increasing market interconnectivity. Criticisms have raised regarding the EU competition enforcement model. In response, institutional debate and measures have focused on the enhancement of fairness in this area...

We live in an age of intermediated network communications. Although the internet includes many intermediaries, some stand heads and shoulders above the rest. This article examines some of the responsibilities of “Super-Intermediaries” such as YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook, intermediaries...

Once a technology protected by patents is locked into a standard and investment is made in the standard-compliant product, working around the technology or switching to an alternative one will become far from possible for technology implementers. Such situation may result in an increase in the...