This article investigates the political cost of poverty in democracies marked by deep social divisions. We develop a probabilistic voting model that incorporates clientelism as a strategic tool employed by elite political parties to secure electoral support from non-elite voters. Unlike models...

This study investigates the strategic decisions of online platform retailers (OPRs) within government-regulated digital marketplaces, focusing on India's Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC). The ONDC initiative, aimed at democratizing e-commerce, presents both challenges and opportunities...