Challenging decision problems in changeable spaces are characterized by existence of complex decision parameters that are changing with time and situations, including criteria and alternatives. Some of these parameters may be critical for their effective solutions, but hidden in the depth of...

Urban land consolidation, which reforms land parcels to remove fragmentation and produce ideal blocks, is an effective means of urban renewal. Successful urban land consolidation benefits city officials as well as the general public, in improved city image, increased land value, and more...

Urban land consolidation, which reforms land parcels to remove fragmentation and produce ideal blocks, is an effective means of urban renewal. Successful urban land consolidation benefits city officials as well as the general public, in improved city image, increased land value, and more...

There are many parameters in challenging decision problems, including the alternatives, the criteria, resources, the perception of decision problems, decision makers and their psychological states, information inputs from the environment, and self-suggestion, etc. At any moment of time, some of...