How and to what extent does the optimality of Universal Basic Income (UBI) depend on itstime inconsistency? I address …-poor changes—income redistribution and factorprice adjustments during the early transition. Lack of commitment results in much …

income in Scotland. With a growing interest in the value of large-scale welfare reforms in the light of persistent … distribution of household incomes and wider (macro) impacts upon national income, unemployment and government spending. By …

This report examines the potential for universal basic income (UBI) to gain prominence in the wake of the COVID-19 …

We exploit an expansion in social protection to middle-income households to provide evidence on how middle-income … beneficiaries are more likely to borrow from formal lenders. Amid systemic and idiosyncratic shocks, the program prevents middle-income … lack of insurance and that social protection can build middle-income households' resilience to shocks through both cash …

In this paper we explore options for augmenting South Africa's personal income tax revenue using two microsimulation … models: PITMOD simulates the personal income tax system and is underpinned by a dataset comprising a full extract of … anonymized individual-level administrative tax data; and SAMOD simulates personal income tax and social benefits using a …

Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a policy proposal that has gained increasing attention in recent years as a potential … a basic income floor, UBI could help reduce poverty and inequality, and provide a safety net for those who fall on hard …