Household Survey data is used to study income differences between and within regions in Finland during 1966-1996. We …

statistically and economically significant correlation with pairwise income differences, even when controlling for various measures … for contemporary income differences, but also for income differences measured since 1500 and for income differences within … Europe. We uncover similar patterns of coefficients for the proximate determinants of income differences, particularly for …

systematically shift technical change in favor of rich nations. For this reason, free trade can increase international income … differences. At the same time, integration with countries where intellectual property rights are weakly protected can have a large …

When studying income differences and income distribution, the self-employed are often excluded from the population … how they report their incomes. Using two cross-sections, one for each country, we find large income differences between … extent as incomes from being an employee. On the other hand it is a problem to exclude the self-employed when studying income …