Technologien, die für die CO2-neutrale Wirtschaft benötigt werden, sind bereits heute für den Klimaschutz wie für die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung von zentraler Bedeutung. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, ob Deutschland Gefahr läuft, durch eine zu langsame Energiewende...

In this paper, we investigate the scale of the drop in American imports after it imposed punitive tariffs on Chinese goods. Our analysis spans the whole period of Donald Trump's presidency (January 2017 - January 2021). In contrast to existing studies, which are mainly devoted to the impact of...

When an exchange occurs between two or more states, factors like currency, government policies, economy, judicial system, laws, and markets influence trade. The WTO agreements cover goods, services, and intellectual property. They spell out the principles of liberalization and the permitted...

The chapter explores the far-reaching effects of the digital transformation on trade and trade law. It first sketches the state of affairs under the multilateral forum of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and, second, analyzes the more de- liberate regulatory responses to the challenges of...

The General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade facilitated liberal trade of goods globally by opening up domestic markets and reducing interference of states in trade. The proposition of the GATT to some extent meant curtailing sovereign powers of the state. Countries were cognizant of the fact...

We exploit proprietary information on severed correspondent banking relationships (due to the stricter enforcement of financial crime regulation) to assess how payment disruptions impede cross-border trade. Using firm-level export data from emerging Europe, we show that when local respondent...

Some initiatives in the ongoing debate on improving transparency and notifications as a part of talks on WTO reform seem to have been based on the false belief that compliance with notification requirements could be induced through threat of punitive action. Arguments made during discussions on...