There is a growing interest for joint interpretations (JIs) of international investment agreements (IIAs) by state parties. Correct legal characterization of the vast array of JIs is critical to their proper use by tribunals in interpreting IIAs. This Perspective argues that a streamlined...

Commitments to facilitate climate friendly FDI increasingly feature in investment facilitation agreements, in broader trade agreements and in non-binding green economy agreements. This Perspective argues that commitments for ongoing cooperation, which identify shared priorities and establish...

Purpose This paper makes a novel attempt to estimate the potential impact of credit risk on foreign direct investment (FDI hereafter), thereby focusing on a completely unexplored area in the existing empirical literature. Design/methodology/approach To provide a comprehensive understanding of...

Purpose This study aims to examine foreign direct investment (FDI) factors and develops a rational framework for FDI inflow in Western European countries such as France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium and Austria. Design/methodology/approach Data for this study were collected...

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is of great significance to the economic development of developing countries; it infuses capital into enterprises, while propeling both technological advancement and economic efficiency. We examine whether zombie enterprises crowd out FDI inflows and whether the...