With the adoption of the EU Climate Law in 2021, the EU has set itself a binding target to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55 percent compared to 1990 levels by 2030. To support the increased ambition, the EU Commission adopted proposals for revising...

The overall objectives of this study are to contribute to optimal pathways for decarbonisation of heating and cooling. The study depicts the perception or image of heat pumps and district heating and cooling among different consumers in the residential, industrial and public sectors, and...

The overall objectives of this study are to contribute to optimal pathways for decarbonisation of heating and cooling. The study depicts the perception or image of heat pumps and district heating and cooling among different consumers in the residential, industrial and public sectors, and...

This report was created within the project "Overview of Heating and Cooling: Perceptions, Markets and Regulatory Frameworks for Decarbonisation." The focus of this report is on the evaluation of the final cost for owning and operating district heating (DH) connections and heat pumps (HPs) for...

This paper studies how tax-and-transfer progressivity influences aggregate fluctuations when interacting with household heterogeneity. Using a simple static model of the extensive margin labor supply, we analytically characterize how a degree of progressivity influences differential labor supply...

With the improvement of people's living standards all over the world, the demand for cooling (both space cooling and refrigeration) continues to grow. The increase in cooling-related energy consumption has a growing impact on global climate change. The importance of improving the energy...

Refrigerant is the working medium of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. Currently, synthetic refrigerants are the dominant refrigerants for cooling, but the emissions from synthetic refrigerants into the atmosphere will destroy the ozone layer. The global refrigeration and...

Decentralized taxation and commuting affect numerous dimensions of economic activity, but how they jointly shape residential decisions and spatial income sorting is still not well understood. We develop a structural model of individual location choices in a fiscally decentralized monocentric...