We investigate the effect of having a child on parents' criminal behavior using rich administrative data from Brazil. Fathers' criminal activity sharply increases by up to 10% during the pregnancy period, and by up to 30% two years after birth, while mothers experience only a transitory decline...

The extant literature on marginal deterrence supports the notion that individuals maintain a dynamic decision-making process that yields several ranked outcomes after weighing the risks and rewards. In this article, we conduct a novel large-scale empirical analysis of the marginal deterrence...

From a legal standpoint, there are significant disparities in treating online offenses targeting individuals, organizations, and nation-states. These disparities arise due to influences that vary discreetly based on crucial factors such as the target, motive, or impact. This article draws upon...