This case study, jointly authored by the Government of Togo and the World Bank, documents the innovative features of the NOVISSI program and posits some directions for the way forward. The study examines how Togo leveraged artificial intelligence and machine learning methods to prioritize the...

Togo was able to effectively reach the urban informal sector with a fully digital social assistance program, Novissi. The denser telecommunications and financial networks found in cities better facilitated the fully digital program but may not have insured inclusion in all cases. Having timely...

Good quality jobs are key to accelerating poverty reduction and strengthening social cohesion in Togo. While Togo has made significant progress in creating more good quality jobs, with robust growth performance in the past decade, several jobs-related challenges remain. Togo's labor market is...

In a Decision dated 8 January 2020, the ad hoc Committee in Víctor Pey Casado and President Allende Foundation v Republic of Chile decided in favour of the Respondent by declining to annul a 2016 Award—the second in the dispute. The decision is remarkable, not just because it serves as the...

This paper discusses political and economic aspects of Turkish accession. Under present rules, Turkey would have the greatest number of council votes within twenty years, and receive the largest budget transfer. Free migration may increase the Turkish immigrant population in Germany from 2 to...