Purpose Previous research has provided substantial attention to how individual-level challenging experiences lead to individual- and organization-related outcomes. This paper aims to expand existing challenging experiences theory and research by proposing a theoretical framework that addresses...

Purpose This study answers the question, “What are the learning experiences and drivers that provide CEOs with the knowledge, skills, and abilities that will allow them to lead their enterprises through crises?” Design/methodology/approach Thirty chief executive officer (CEO) interviews were...