Oware, Kofi Mintah - In: Cogent Business & Management 9 (2022) 1, pp. 1-22
This study examines whether mandatory CSR expenditure has the same effect on firm performance after years of … generalized method of moments (GMM) assumptions. The first findings show that mandatory CSR expenditure in the current year … negatively affects Tobin q. The second findings show that mandatory CSR expenditure in the lag years (1 to 2 years) has no …