This paper proposes an integrated, comprehensive financial model that can provide startup capital to socially committed business ventures, such as social enterprises and Yunus Social Business (YSB), by using Islamic social funds (ISFs), Zakat (almsgiving), Waqf (endowments), Sadaqat (charity),...

The U.S. has two systems of funding research at universities—a public one of Congressional appropriations and a private “submerged state” involving nonprofit funders subsidized by taxpayers. Here we examine the case of biomedical research and demonstrate that the “submerged state” can...

The public sector often has to initially provide funding and centralized coordination to assist different social enterprises in an emerging industry that are expected to self-sustain and develop further afterwards. As the public sector gradually pulls its funding and centralized coordination,...

For many small business ventures that qualify for federal income tax treatment under Section 501(a) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the time and expense of organizing, qualifying, managing, and maintaining a tax-exempt nonprofit corporation under state law may be daunting...

Volunteer activity is one of the forms of charity and one of the foundations of civil society. According to some estimates, more than 100 million people participate in volunteering worldwide each year, and in many countries, it provides 4-8% of GDP. The phenomenon of Ukrainian volunteerism is...

This study examines the effects of personal and business networks on fundraising successes through fundraising opportunities and analyze the differences in the effects of personal and business networks vary depending on the firm’s age groups. The first finding of this study is that both the...