While global oceans are facing extreme pressure from anthropogenic activities, such as marine pollution and ocean acidification, the Polar Regions (Arctic and Antarctica) are still relatively pristine. Nevertheless, marine ecosystems in the Polar Regions are experiencing rapid changes. Climate...

As urged by planetary boundary scientists, ‘there is an urgent need for a new paradigm that integrates the continued development of human societies and the maintenance of the Earth system in a resilient and accommodating state'.1 With rising temperatures, melting ice, increased human...

Presented book is the first comprehensive publication which examines the impact of climate change on the legal situation of small island nations such as the Marshall Islands. Problems affecting these nations touching their legal situation in a very different way than in the case of large...

This Green Paper takes stock of what has been done. It then opens a debate on the best strategy for moving forward to a new phase that meets the challenges defined here and profits from the opportunities to deliver an accessible, sustainable digital mapping of European sea-beds by 2020. It would...

The generalised Pareto distribution (GPD) is often used to model the distribution of storm peak wave heights exceeding a high threshold, from which return values can be calculated. There are large differences in the performance of various parameter and quantile estimators for the GPD. Commonly...