In this paper, I provide novel evidence on the effects of offshoring and automation (e.g. industrial robots, 3-D … developed countries in 1996--2005. I find that while offshoring to lower-income countries and automation decreased the demand … for the young relative to the middle-aged and older workers, offshoring to high-income countries exerted opposite effects …

debate: multinational firms faced with visa constraints have an offshoring option, namely, hiring the labor they need at … desired effects of increasing employment of natives, but rather have the effect of offshoring jobs. Combining visa data and …

impact of a stricter immigration policy and show that the offshoring channel is important for the welfare impacts. The … after a 10 percent immigration cap reduction by approximately 18 percent if we ignore the offshoring channel. The paper … highlights the importance of considering the interactions between immigration, offshoring, and trade, when designing immigration …

evidence is consistent with a simple multi-period model, illustrating how offshoring, on the one side, and reshoring or plant …