This study provides new causal evidence for the impact of a large-scale natural disaster on local economic activity in Iran using nighttime light intensity. We apply the synthetic control method (SCM) and nighttime light (NTL) data from 1992 to 2020 for 31 provinces and 429 counties to study the...

Periods of prolonged sanctions can lead to large cumulated economic losses. Oil revenue falls, exchange rate depreciations, and inflation may be key pass-through mechanisms to explain lower output growth. Direct and indirect effects of sanctions may become entrenched over time, leading to...

The effects of sanctions on military spending depend on the relative weight of income and security effects for the target country. If the income effect is larger than the security, then the country is more likely to observe a decline in military spending. Economic sanctions have been shown to...

Even though Iran is one of the most diverse countries in terms of ethnicity, and numerous articles in urban studies have emphasised the key role of citizens’ views in urban issues, the connection between these two has remained less investigated in this country. This study tried to answer two...

A distortion caused by previous policies could distort the results of reforms. This may explain why policies to reduce industrial fuel subsidies have not necessarily resulted in increases in aggregate productivity in countries with mandated pricing. To identify and measure these distortions'...