Examines the effects which the institutional environment – particularly property and land‐use planning matters – may have on the process of retail internationalisation. Three North American retail and leisure providers currently expanding into western Europe are discussed – Wal‐Mart...

Revisits a retail development near Stoke on Trent, UK, first reported on in 1998. It draws on recent work by Arnold and Luthra which has called for attention to be paid to the effects of large format (big box) retailing. To do so it draws on the opinions of members of the public who live within...

Within the UK, the continuing development of out of town retail outlets is well documented in the literature. The process is usually depicted as a set of four waves. However, all four waves focus on the retailing of goods rather than of services. Asserts that there are growing indications that...

The discipline and practice of regional and town planning is searching uneasily for new directions attendant upon conceptual and empirical developments since the early 1970s. This paper traces the current disquiet, explores contemporary viewpoints and then outlines a prospective focus in terms...

Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s the debate surrounding the comparative costs and benefits of town centre and out‐of‐town retail developments for consumers and to the environment has been a heated one. Informed by a largely puritanical view of consumerism, current Government policy tends...

Reviews the development of town and country planning and administration in Nigeria from the colonial period to the present. The British colonial administration, with its religious and missionary zeal, created the cultural, social and ideological premisses of modern town and country planning and...

Outlines the provisions of the Planning and Compensation Act 1991, and the implications for property managers and planners. Discusses development plans, definition of development – demolition, applications, appeals, and planning obligations. Summarizes other provisions contained in Part 1 of...

Considers the sections of Part 1 of the Planning and Compensation Act 1991 which create new, and modify existing, enforcement provisions in the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. Describes planning contravention notices, breach of condition notice, enforcement notices, stop notices,...

Illustrates the problematical issue of “making a material change in the use of any building or land” by reference to some case studies. Points out complications if a use is discontinued and then restarted. Advises caution in changing the use of land, particularly since there may be no valid...

Looks at the response of local authorities to the 1987 Town & Country Planning Use Classes Order. Reviews the response of the Department of the Environment (DoE) to planning appeals. Concludes that the DoE have upheld most appeals where local authorities have attempted to restrict the effects of...