Argues that an efficient expense management programme is the most effective way of enabling managers to control their bottom line. Outlines the elements of an expense management programme ‐ budgeting, monitoring and corrective action. Provides several items of practical advice on controlling...

As a result of intense competition, many companies have changed their fundamental marketing strategy from one of diversification of products and services to a well‐focussed, concentrated effort on “core” products, services and markets. Examines the reasons why it has become increasingly...

Rationale Central banks in some developed countries have started to record, or will soon record, losses. These losses are due to the structural changes in their balance sheets after the exceptional measures adopted during the economic crises of recent years, which were necessary to maintain...