the highest domestic ratification constraints. I then test the competing hypotheses found in the literature by calculating … average member state; instead, domestic ratification constraints seem to confer power. States preferring less integration …

treaty ratification have unconditional effects on human rights. Instead, improvement in human rights is typically more likely …. Conversely, in very autocratic regimes with weak civil society, ratification can be expected to have no effect and is sometimes …

An increasing number of member countries of the European Union (EU) is heading for ratification through referendum of … the yet to be adopted constitution for Europe. Such popular votes will add an additional ratification constraint and …

The ratification of ILO Labour Standards Conventions is a key explanatory variable in the empirical literature linking … labour standards to economic performance. The assumption is that ratification gives information about labour standards … implemented in a country. This Paper investigates the determinants of ratification directly and, indirectly, the determinants of …

different ratification procedures by focusing on the parliamentary stage. Applying the two-level game concept of international … that occurred during the ratification process. Besides extending the Maastricht negotiation win-set linking economic and … political objectives, the two-dimensionality particularly increased the 12 governments' likelihood to survive the ratification …

stringent domestic ratification rules. …