Hayes, Michael S.; Liu, Jing; Gershenson, Seth - 2022
qualifications on students' likelihood of receiving a disciplinary referral. Using data that track all disciplinary referrals and the …. These results are mostly driven by referrals for defiance and violence infractions, Black and Hispanic male students, and … student behavior, variation in teachers' proclivities to make disciplinary referrals, or a combination of the two, these …