Excessive regulatory accumulation has long been a concern of policymakers, and over the past 40 years, many presidents and members of Congress have taken steps to address this issue. Every recent president beginning with Carter issued or reaffirmed executive orders that set requirements for...

Using derivative positions and a regulatory change that results in different regulatory risk sensitivities for economically similar products, I show that inconsistencies in regulatory incentives restrict hedging and increase shadow insurance for U.S. life insurers. Insurers exposed to products...

Data mining techniques can be used to locate statistical outliers that are incorrectly characterized as evidence of unlawful conduct. Using home mortgage loan data made publicly available by financial regulators, a simple data mining exercise finds that approximately three percent of all...

This chapter explores the application of fiduciary duties to regulated financial firms and financial services. At first blush, the need for such a chapter might strike some as surprising in that fiduciary duties and systems of financial regulation can be conceptualized as governing distinctive...

Objectives-based legislation – or laws which focus on achieving particular and concrete outcomes – has become a new and important tool that financial sector regulators use to tackle large and varied financial system risks. Yet, objectives-based legislation – and the frequent...

In this article, we discuss and analyse the main components of a digital financial supervisory system with supervisory technology (SupTech). This work offers a new SupTech definition and configures the digital pillars of a financial supervisory system. We contribute to the TECHs in Finance...

There is growing concern about "algorithmic bias" - that predictive algorithms used in decision-making might bake in or exacerbate discrimination in society. When will these "biases" arise? What should be done about them? We argue that such questions are naturally answered using the tools of...