Running-time analysis of ant colony optimization (ACO) is crucial for understanding the power of the algorithm in … computation. This paper conducts a running-time analysis of ant system algorithms (AS) as a kind of ACO for traveling salesman …-so-far solutions and pheromone matrix as a discrete stochastic status per iteration. The running-time of AS can be evaluated by the …

normalized the running time up to returning the l-th smallest out of n seen as a process in l converges weakly to a limiting …

running time and passenger satisfaction. These strategies include using smart card fare collection, introducing limited ….5% decline in running time along the limited stop service compared to the regular service. The regular route running time has … improve running time and passenger’s perception of these changes in service. …

the running time and the efficiency in the bluff equilibrium. We show that by changing the parameter c of the auction we … can trade off efficiency against running time. …

provided. Additionally, previous literature have proposed various probability distributions to model racing running time in …

-Shone et al. (1992a), Lo (Lo, V. S. Y. 1994. Application of running time distribution models in Japan. D. B. Hausch, V. S. Y …