Conventional literature on sanctions tends to overfocus on measuring their political efficacy on targeted countries … the consequences that sanctions have on entire populations. Departing from these approaches, this article draws on Fidel … Castro’s concept of the “Battle of Ideas” and argues that sanctions should be studied as a form of US-led imperialist warfare …

This paper examines how economic sanctions affect the allocation of workers across formal and informal employment. We … analyse the case of the unprecedented sanctions imposed on Iran in 2012. Employing a difference-in-differences approach, we … different pre-existing exposure to international trade. Our analysis reveals that, following the sanctions, workers in …