Data show that an increase in the Gini coefficient is associated with a falling bottom pB% income share and an increasing top pT% income share where, e.g. pB = 40 and pT = 1. This relationship, which we call the X inequality relationship, is pervasive in the sense that it is observed in many...

Based on a review of 700+ peer-reviewed articles since 1990, identified using text mining methodology and supervised machine learning, we analyze how neo-Schumpeterian growth theorists relate to the entrepreneur-centered view of Schumpeter Mark I and the entrepreneurless framework of Schumpeter...

This paper develops a North-South quality-ladder model with northern innovative R&D, southern adaptive R&D and imitative R&D to analyze the effects of tariffs on innovation, technology transfer, relative wage and welfare. We find that increasing southern tariff decreases the relative wage...