This work is devoted to the study of the interaction between pulses of electromagnetic radiation and space-charge waves … excitations of space-charge modes are analyzed and the endurance of trains of solitons against transverse effects is clarified. …

simulation process. Eight design parameters were identified as variable parameters in the presence of space charge. These …, the influence of space charge on the electron beam envelope through the extraction region of electron source was … investigated. The space charge started to have a clear influence on the electron beam envelope at currents of 10-4 A. Beam quality …

condition, and thus explain the mechanism of how these factors influence the PD events.<b> </b>The space charge generated in the …

A numerical technique for solving the discontinuous injection space-charge problem is described. This technique is …

becomes dominant at the needle stem, and a space charge (SC)-assisted DM contribution that operates at the tip apex. This …