This paper estimates the local welfare impacts of highway maintenance investments. We instrument road quality exploiting Indonesia’s two-step budgeting process for allocating funding to local road authorities. Using comprehensive data on road quality from 1990-2007, we find evidence that...

The development of toll roads provides a number of improved services to the road users, connectivity, and their existence can promote the equitable development of a region. The use of toll roads has a variety of impacts on economic issues. The quality of pavement gradually declines along with...

Having effective and efficient financing is one of the most critical steps in accelerating public infrastructure development, including toll roads. This study aims to identify critical success factors (CSFs) for implementing toll infrastructure financing in Indonesia. Thirty-three CSFs have been...