Experience from the last decade in Colombia and Mexico suggests that violence increases when governments achieve their objective of beheading and fragmenting drug trafficking organizations (DTOs). In this paper I provide a theoretical framework to understand this behavior. Drawing elements from...

This study evaluates the effectiveness of alternative-development programs in Bolivia and makes suggestions about how these programs can succeed. Several programs have been implemented in Bolivia over the past thirty-plus years, but little progress has occurred. Governments' political and...

The curtailment of irrigation on the Klamath Reclamation Project in 2001 is estimated to have cost farmers more than $35 million. This study examines how alternative water allocations among irrigators in the Upper Klamath Basin could have lowered those costs. Per acre marginal water values vary...